白俄罗斯 [BELARUS]
中华人民共和国政府和白俄罗斯共和国政府关于对所得和财产避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的协定
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME AND PROPERTY
议 定 书
PROTOCOL
中华人民共和国政府和白俄罗斯共和国政府关于对所得和财产避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的协定
中华人民共和国政府和白俄罗斯共和国政府（在本协定中，以下简称"缔约国双方") ，愿意缔结关于对所得和财产避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的协定，达成协议如下：
第一条
人的范围
本协定适用于缔约国一方或者同时为双方居民的人。
第二条
税种范围
一、本协定适用的现行税种是：
（一）在中华人民共和国：
1. 个人所得税；
2. 外商投资企业和外国企业所得税；
3. 地方所得税；
（以下简称"中国税收")
（二）在白俄罗斯共和国：
1. 法人所得和利润税；
2. 个人所得税；及
3. 不动产税。
（以下简称"白俄罗斯税收")
二、本协定也适用于本协定签订之日后征收的属于增加或者代替第一款所列现行税种的相同或者实质相似的税收。缔约国双方主管当局应将各自税法所作出的实质变动通知对方。
第三条
一般定义
一、在本协定中，除上下文另有解释的以外：
（一）"中国"一语是指中华人民共和国；用于地理概念时，是指实施有关中国税收法律的所有中华人民共和国领土，包括领海，以及根据国际法，中华人民共和国拥有勘探和开发海底和底土资源以及海底以上水域资源的主权权利的领海以外的区域；
（二）"白俄罗斯"一语是指白俄罗斯共和国；用于地理概念时是指根据白俄罗斯法律和国际法，白俄罗斯共和国行使主权权利和管辖权的区域；
（三）"缔约国一方"和"缔约国另一方"的用语，按照上下文，是指中国或者白俄罗斯；
（四）"税收"一语按照上下文，是指中国税收或者白俄罗斯税收；
（五）"人"一语包括个人、公司和其他团体；
（六）"公司"一语是指法人团体或者在税收上视同法人团体的实体；
（七）"缔约国一方企业"和"缔约国另一方企业"的用语，分别指缔约国一方居民经营的企业和缔约国另一方居民经营的企业；
（八）"国民"一语是指所有具有缔约国一方国籍的个人和所有按照该缔约国法律建立或者组织的法人，以及所有在税收上视同按照该缔约国法律建立或者组织成法人的所有非法人团体；
(九）"国际运输"一语是指缔约国一方居民企业以船舶或飞机经营的运输，不包括仅在缔约国另一方各地之间以船舶或飞机经营的运输；
（十）"主管当局"一语，在中国方面是指国家税务总局或其授权的代表；在白俄罗斯方面是指内阁所属国家税务总局或其授权的代表。
二、缔约国一方在实施本协定时，对于未经本协定明确定义的用语，除上下文另有解释的以外，应当具有该缔约国适用于本协定的税种的法律所规定的含义。
第四条
居民
一、在本协定中，"缔约国一方居民"一语是指按照该缔约国法律，由于住所、居所、注册所在地、总机构所在地，或者其他类似的标准，在该缔约国负有纳税义务的人。
二、由于第一款的规定，同时为缔约国双方居民的个人，其身份应按以下规则确定：
（一）应认为是其有永久性住所所在缔约国的居民；如果在缔约国双方同时有永久性住所，应认为是与其个人和经济关系更密切（重要利益中心）所在缔约国的居民；
（二）如果其重要利益中心所在国无法确定，或者在缔约国任何一方都没有永久性住所，应认为是其有习惯性居处所在国的居民；
（三）如果其在缔约国双方都有，或者都没有习惯性居处，应认为是其国民所属缔约国的居民；
（四）如果其不是缔约国任何一方的国民，缔约国双方主管当局应通过协商解决。
三、由于第一款的规定，除个人以外，同时为缔约国双方居民的人，缔约国双方主管当局应通过协商解决。
第五条
常设机构
一、在本协定中，"常设机构"一语是指企业进行全部或部分营业的固定营业场所。
二、"常设机构"一语特别包括：
（一）管理场所；
（二）分支机构；
（三）办事处；
（四）工厂；
（五）作业场所；
（六）矿场、油井或气井、采石场或者其他开采自然资源的场所。
三、"常设机构"一语还包括：
（一）建筑工地，建筑、装配或安装工程，或者与其有关的监督管理活动，但仅以该工地、工程或活动连续18个月以上的为限；
（二）缔约国一方企业通过雇员或者雇用的其他人员，在缔约国另一方为同一个项目或相关联的项目提供的劳务，包括咨询劳务，仅以连续或累计超过18个月的为限。
四、虽有第一款至第三款的规定，"常设机构"一语应认为不包括：
（一）专为储存、陈列或者交付本企业货物或者商品的目的而使用的设施；
（二）专为储存、陈列或者交付的目的而保存本企业货物或者商品的库存；
（三）专为另一企业加工的目的而保存本企业货物或者商品的库存；
（四）专为本企业采购货物或者商品，或者搜集情报的目的所设的固定营业场所；
（五）专为本企业进行其他准备性或辅助性活动的目的所设的固定营业场所；
（六）专为本款第（一）项至第（五）项活动的结合所设的固定营业场所，如果由于这种结合使该固定营业场所的全部活动属于准备性质或辅助性质。
五、虽有第一款和第二款的规定，当一个人（除适用第六款独立代理人以外）在缔约国一方代表缔约国另一方的企业进行活动，有权并经常行使这种权力以该企业的名义签订合同，这个人为该企业进行的任何活动，应认为该企业在该缔约国一方设有常设机构。除非这个人通过固定营业场所进行的活动限于第四款的规定，按照该款规定，不应认为该固定营业场所是常设机构。
六、缔约国一方企业仅通过按常规经营本身业务的经纪人、一般佣金代理人或者任何其他独立代理人在缔约国另一方进行营业，不应认为在该缔约国另一方设有常设机构。
七、缔约国一方居民公司，控制或被控制于缔约国另一方居民公司或者在该缔约国另一方进行营业的公司（不论是否通过常设机构），此项事实不能据以使任何一方公司构成另一方公司的常设机构。
第六条
不动产所得
一、缔约国一方居民从位于缔约国另一方的不动产取得的所得，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、"不动产"一语应当具有财产所在地的缔约国的法律所规定的含义。船舶和飞机不应视为不动产。
三、第一款的规定应适用于从直接使用、出租或者任何其他形式使用不动产取得的所得。
四、第一款和第三款的规定也适用于企业的不动产所得和用于进行独立个人劳务的不动产所得。
第七条
营业利润
一、缔约国一方企业的利润应仅在该缔约国征税，但该企业通过设在缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业的除外。如果该企业通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业，其利润可以在该缔约国另一方征税，但应仅以属于该常设机构的利润为限。
二、除适用第三款的规定以外，缔约国一方企业通过设在缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业，应将该常设机构视同在相同或类似情况下从事相同或类似活动的独立分设企业，并同该常设机构所隶属的企业完全独立处理，该常设机构可能得到的利润在缔约国各方应归属于该常设机构。
三、在确定常设机构的利润时，应当允许扣除其进行营业发生的各项费用，包括行政和一般管理费用，不论其发生于该常设机构所在国或者其他任何地方。
四、如果缔约国一方习惯于以企业总利润按一定比例分配给所属各单位的方法来确定常设机构的利润，则第二款规定并不妨碍该缔约国按这种习惯分配方法确定其应纳税的利润。但是，采用的分配方法所得到的结果，应与本条所规定的原则一致。
五、不应仅由于常设机构为企业采购货物或商品，将利润归属于该常设机构。
六、在第一款至第五款中，除有适当的和充分的理由需要变动外，每年应采用相同的方法确定属于常设机构的利润。
七、利润中如果包括有本协定其他各条单独规定的所得项目时，本条规定不应影响其他各条的规定。
第八条
海运和空运
一、缔约国一方居民企业以船舶或飞机经营国际运输业务所取得的利润，应仅在该缔约国征税。
二、第一款规定也适用于参加合伙经营、联合经营或者参加国际经营机构取得的利润。
第九条
联属企业
一、当：
（一）缔约国一方企业直接或者间接参与缔约国另一方企业的管理、控制或资本，或者
（二）同一人直接或者间接参与缔约国一方企业和缔约国另一方企业的管理、控制或资本，
在上述任何一种情况下，两个企业之间的商业或财务关系不同于独立企业之间的关系，因此，本应由其中一个企业取得，但由于这些情况而没有取得的利润，可以计入该企业的利润，并据以征税。
二、缔约国一方将缔约国另一方已征税的企业利润，而这部分利润本应由该缔约国一方企业取得的，包括在该缔约国一方企业的利润内，并且加以征税时，如果这两个企业之间的关系是独立企业之间的关系，该缔约国另一方应对这部分利润所征收的税额加以调整，在确定上述调整时，应对本协定其他规定予以注意，如有必要，缔约国双方主管当局应相互协商。
第十条
股息
一、缔约国一方居民公司支付给缔约国另一方居民的股息，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、然而，这些股息也可以在支付股息的公司是其居民的缔约国，按照该缔约国法律征税。但是，如果收款人是股息受益所有人，则所征税款不应超过股息总额的10%。本款规定，不应影响对该公司支付股息前的利润所征收的公司利润税。
三、本条"股息"一语是指从股份或者非债权关系分享利润的权利取得的所得，以及按照分配利润的公司是其居民的缔约国法律，视同股份所得同样征税的其他公司权利取得的所得。
四、如果股息受益所有人是缔约国一方居民，在支付股息的公司是其居民的缔约国另一方，通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构进行营业或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地从事独立个人劳务，据以支付股息的股份与该常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款和第二款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况适用第七条或第十四条的规定。
五、缔约国一方居民公司从缔约国另一方取得利润或所得，该缔约国另一方不得对该公司支付的股息征收任何税收。但支付给该缔约国另一方居民的股息或者据以支付股息的股份与设在缔约国另一方的常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的除外。对于该公司的未分配的利润，即使支付的股息或未分配的利润全部或部分是发生于该缔约国另一方的利润或所得，该缔约国另一方也不得征收任何税收。
第十一条
利息
一、发生于缔约国一方而支付给缔约国另一方居民的利息，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、然而，这些利息也可以在该利息发生的缔约国，按照该缔约国的法律征税。但是，如果收款人是利息受益所有人，则所征税款不应超过利息总额的10%。
三、虽有第二款的规定，发生于缔约国一方而为缔约国另一方政府、地方当局及其中央银行或者完全为其政府所有的金融机构取得的利息，应在该缔约国一方免税。
四、本条"利息"一语是指从各种债权取得的所得，不论其有无抵押担保或者是否有权分享债务人的利润；特别是从公债、债券或者信用债券取得的所得，包括其溢价和奖金。由于延期支付的罚款，不应视为本条所规定的利息。
五、如果利息受益所有人是缔约国一方居民，在利息发生的缔约国另一方，通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构进行营业或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地从事独立个人劳务，据以支付该利息的债权与该常设机构或者固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款、第二款和第三款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况适用第七条或第十四条的规定。
六、如果支付利息的人为缔约国一方政府、其地方当局或该缔约国居民，应认为该利息发生在该缔约国。然而，当支付利息的人不论是否为缔约国一方居民，在缔约国一方设有常设机构或者固定基地，支付该利息的债务与该常设机构或者固定基地有联系，并由其负担该利息，上述利息应认为发生于该常设机构或固定基地所在缔约国。
七、由于支付利息的人与受益所有人之间或者他们与其他人之间的特殊关系，就有关债权所支付的利息数额超出支付人与受益所有人没有上述关系所能同意的数额时，本条规定应仅适用于后来提及的数额。在这种情况下，对该支付款项的超出部分，仍应按各缔约国的法律征税，但应对本协定其他规定予以适当注意。
第十二条
特许权使用费
一、发生于缔约国一方而支付给缔约国另一方居民的特许权使用费，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、然而，这些特许权使用费也可以在其发生的缔约国，按照该缔约国的法律征税。但是，如果收款人是特许权使用费受益所有人，则所征税款不应超过特许权使用费总额的10%。
三、本条"特许权使用费"一语是指使用或有权使用文学、艺术或科学著作，包括电影影片、无线电或电视广播使用的胶片、磁带的版权，专利、专有技术、商标、设计或模型、图纸、秘密配方或秘密程序所支付的作为报酬的各种款项，或者使用或有权使用工业、商业、科学设备或有关工业、商业、科学经验的情报所支付的作为报酬的各种款项。
四、如果特许权使用费受益所有人是缔约国一方居民，在特许权使用费发生的缔约国另一方，通过设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构进行营业或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地从事独立个人劳务，据以支付该特许权使用费的权利或财产与该常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款和第二款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况适用第七条或第十四条的规定。
五、如果支付特许权使用费的人是缔约国一方政府、其地方当局或该缔约国居民，应认为该特许权使用费发生在该缔约国。然而，当支付特许权使用费的人不论是否为缔约国一方居民，在缔约国一方设有常设机构或者固定基地，支付该特许权使用费的义务与该常设机构或者固定基地有联系，并由其负担这种特许权使用费，上述特许权使用费应认为发生于该常设机构或者固定基地所在缔约国。
六、由于支付特许权使用费的人与受益所有人之间或他们与其他人之间的特殊关系，就有关使用、权利或情报支付的特许权使用费数额超出支付人与受益所有人没有上述关系所能同意的数额时，本条规定应仅适用于后来提及的数额。在这种情况下，对该支付款项的超出部分，仍应按各缔约国的法律征税，但应对本协定其他规定予以适当注意。
第十三条
财产转让收益
一、缔约国一方居民转让第六条所述位于缔约国另一方的不动产取得的收益，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、转让缔约国一方企业在缔约国另一方的常设机构营业财产部分的动产，或者缔约国一方居民在缔约国另一方从事独立个人劳务的固定基地的动产取得的收益，包括转让常设机构（单独或者随同整个企业）或者固定基地取得的收益，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
三、缔约国一方居民企业转让从事国际运输的船舶或飞机，或者转让属于经营上述船舶、飞机的动产取得的收益，应仅在该缔约国征税。
四、转让第一款至第三款所述财产以外的其他财产取得的收益，应仅在转让者为其居民的缔约国征税。
第十四条
独立个人劳务
一、缔约国一方居民由于专业性劳务或者其他独立性活动取得的所得，应仅在该缔约国征税。但具有以下情况之一的，可以在缔约国另一方征税：
（一）在缔约国另一方为从事上述活动设有经常使用的固定基地。在这种情况下，该缔约国另一方可以仅对属于该固定基地的所得征税；
（二）在任何12个月中在缔约国另一方停留连续或累计超过183天。在这种情况下，该缔约国另一方可以仅对在该缔约国进行活动取得的所得征税。
二、"专业性劳务"一语特别包括独立的科学、文学、艺术、教育或教学活动，以及医师、律师、工程师、建筑师、牙医师和会计师的独立活动。
第十五条
非独立个人劳务
一、除适用第十六条、第十八条、第十九条和第二十条的规定以外，缔约国一方居民因受雇取得的薪金、工资和其他类似报酬，除在缔约国另一方从事受雇的活动以外，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。在该缔约国另一方从事受雇的活动取得的报酬，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、虽有第一款的规定，缔约国一方居民因在缔约国另一方从事受雇的活动取得的报酬，同时具有以下三个条件的，应仅在该缔约国一方征税：
(一）收款人在任何12个月中在该缔约国另一方停留连续或累计不超过183天；
（二）该项报酬由并非该缔约国另一方居民的雇主支付或代表该雇主支付；
（三）该项报酬不是由雇主设在该缔约国另一方的常设机构或固定基地所负担。
三、虽有第一款和第二款的规定，在缔约国一方居民企业经营国际运输的船舶或飞机上从事受雇的活动取得的报酬，应仅在该缔约国征税。
第十六条
董事费
缔约国一方居民作为缔约国另一方居民公司的董事会成员取得的董事费和其他类似款项，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
第十七条
艺术家和运动员
一、虽有第十四条和第十五条的规定，缔约国一方居民，作为表演家，如戏剧、电影、广播或电视艺术家、音乐家或作为运动员，在缔约国另一方从事其个人活动取得的所得，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、虽有第七条、第十四条和第十五条的规定，表演家或运动员从事其个人活动取得的所得，并非归属表演家或运动员本人，而是归属于其他人，可以在该表演家或运动员从事其活动的缔约国征税。
三、虽有第一款和第二款的规定，作为缔约国一方居民的表演家或运动员在缔约国另一方按照缔约国双方政府的文化交流计划进行活动取得的所得，在该缔约国另一方应予免税。
第十八条
退休金
除适用第十九条第二款的规定以外，因以前的雇佣关系支付给缔约国一方居民的退休金和其他类似报酬，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。
第十九条
政府服务
一、
（一）缔约国一方或地方当局对履行政府职责向其提供服务的个人支付退休金以外的报酬，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。
（二）但是，如果该项服务是在缔约国另一方提供，而且提供服务的个人是该缔约国另一方居民，而且该居民：
1. 是该缔约国另一方国民；或者
2. 不是仅由于提供该项服务，而成为该缔约国另一方的居民，
该项报酬，应仅在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、
（一）缔约国一方或地方当局支付或者从其建立的基金中支付给为履行政府职责向其提供服务的个人的退休金，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。
（二）但是，如果提供服务的个人是缔约国另一方居民，并且是其国民的，该项退休金应仅在该缔约国另一方征税。
三、第十五条、第十六条、第十七条和第十八条的规定，应适用于向缔约国一方或地方当局举办的事业提供服务取得的报酬和退休金。
第二十条
教师和研究人员
任何个人是、或者在紧接前往缔约国一方之前曾是缔约国另一方居民，主要是为了在该缔约国一方的大学、学院、学校、教育机构或科研机构为从事该缔约国一方政府选定的教学、讲学或研究活动的目的，停留在该缔约国一方。对其由于教学、讲学或研究取得的报酬，该缔约国一方应自其第一次到达之日起，2年内免予征税。
第二十一条
学生和实习人员
一、当学生或实习人员是、或者在紧接前往缔约国另一方之前曾是缔约国一方居民，仅由于接受教育或培训的目的，在缔约国另一方暂时停留，其为维持生活、接受教育或培训的目的，从缔约国另一方境外收到的各种款项，应在缔约国另一方免税。
二、第一款所述学生或实习人员取得不包括在第一款的赠款、奖学金，在接受教育或培训期间，应与其所停留国居民享受同样的免税、优惠或减税。
第二十二条
其他所得
一、缔约国一方居民取得的各项所得，不论在什么地方发生的，凡本协定上述各条未作规定的，应仅在该缔约国一方征税。
二、第六条第二款规定的不动产所得以外的其他所得，如果所得收款人为缔约国一方居民，通过设在缔约国另一方的常设机构在该缔约国另一方进行营业，或者通过设在该缔约国另一方的固定基地在该缔约国另一方从事独立个人劳务，据以支付所得的权利或财产与该常设机构或固定基地有实际联系的，不适用第一款的规定。在这种情况下，应视具体情况分别适用第七条或第十四条的规定。
第二十三条
财产
一、第六条所述不动产为代表的财产，为缔约国一方居民所有并座落于缔约国另一方，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
二、缔约国一方企业设在缔约国另一方常设机构构成营业财产部分的动产，或者缔约国一方居民设在缔约国另一方从事独立个人劳务的固定基地所附属的动产为代表的财产，可以在该缔约国另一方征税。
三、缔约国一方居民企业所拥有的从事国际运输的船舶、飞机或附属于这些船舶和飞机为代表的财产，应仅在该缔约国征税。
四、缔约国一方居民的其他所有财产项目，应仅在该缔约国征税。
第二十四条
消除双重征税方法
一、在中国，消除双重征税如下：
（一）中国居民从白俄罗斯取得的所得，按照本协定规定在白俄罗斯缴纳的税额，可以在对该居民征收的中国税收中抵免。但是，抵免额不应超过对该项所得按照中国税法和规章计算的中国税收数额。
（二）从白俄罗斯取得的所得是白俄罗斯居民公司支付给中国居民公司的股息，同时该中国居民公司拥有支付股息公司股份不少于10%的，该项抵免应考虑支付该股息公司就该项所得缴纳的白俄罗斯税收。
二、在白俄罗斯，消除双重征税如下：
白俄罗斯居民取得的所得或拥有的财产，按本协定规定，可以在中国征税，白俄罗斯应允许：
（一）在对该居民征收的所得税中扣除，其数额相等于在中国缴纳的所得税；
（二）在对该居民征收的财产税中扣除，其数额相等于在中国缴纳的财产税。
但是，在上述任何情况下，该项扣除不应超过视具体情况可以在中国征税的那部分所得或财产在扣除前计算的所得税或财产税税额。
第二十五条
无差别待遇
一、缔约国一方国民在缔约国另一方负担的税收或者有关条件，不应与该缔约国另一方国民在相同情况下，负担或可能负担的税收或者有关条件不同或比其更重。虽有第一条的规定，本款规定也应适用于不是缔约国一方或者双方居民的人。
二、缔约国一方企业在缔约国另一方常设机构的税收负担，不应高于该缔约国另一方对其本国进行同样活动的企业。本规定不应理解为缔约国一方由于民事地位、家庭负担给予该缔约国居民的任何扣除、优惠和减免也必须给予该缔约国另一方居民。
三、除适用第九条第一款、第十一条第七款或第十二条第六款规定外，缔约国一方企业支付给缔约国另一方居民的利息、特许权使用费和其他款项，在确定该企业应纳税利润时，应与在同样情况下支付给该缔约国一方居民同样予以扣除。同样，缔约国一方企业对缔约国另一方居民的任何债务，在确定该企业的应纳税财产时，应与在同样情况下对缔约国一方居民所负债务同样予以扣除。
四、缔约国一方企业的资本全部或部分，直接或间接为缔约国另一方一个或一个以上的居民拥有或控制，该企业在该缔约国一方负担的税收或者有关条件，不应与该缔约国一方其他同类企业的负担或可能负担的税收或者有关条件不同或比其更重。
五、虽有第二条的规定，本条规定应适用于各种税收。
第二十六条
协商程序
一、当一个人认为，缔约国一方或者双方所采取的措施，导致或将导致对其不符合本协定规定的征税时，可以不考虑各缔约国国内法律的补救办法，将案情提交本人为其居民的缔约国主管当局；或者如果其案情属于第二十五条第一款，可以提交本人为其国民的缔约国主管当局。该项案情必须在不符合本协定的征税措施第一次通知之日起，3年内提出。
二、上述主管当局如果认为所提意见合理，又不能单方面圆满解决时，应设法同缔约国另一方主管当局相互协商解决，以避免不符合本协定规定的征税。达成的协议应予执行，而不受各缔约国国内法律的时间限制。
三、缔约国双方主管当局应通过协议设法解决在解释或实施本协定时所发生的困难或疑义，也可以对本协定未作规定的消除双重征税问题进行协商。
四、缔约国双方主管当局为达成上述各款的协议，可以相互直接联系。为有助于达成协议，双方主管当局的代表可以进行会谈，口头交换意见。
第二十七条
情报交换
一、缔约国双方主管当局应交换为实施本协定的规定所需要的情报，或缔约国双方关于本协定所涉及的税种的国内法律的规定所需要的情报（以根据这些法律征税与本协定不相抵触为限），特别是防止偷漏税的情报。情报交换不受第一条的限制。缔约国一方收到的情报应作密件处理，仅应告知与本协定所含税种有关的查定、征收、执行、起诉或裁决上诉有关的人员或当局（包括法院和行政管理部门）。上诉人员或当局应仅为上述目的使用该情报，但可以在公开法庭诉讼程序或法庭判决中公开有关情报。
二、第一款的规定在任何情况下，不应被理解为缔约国一方有以下义务：
（一）采取与该缔约国或缔约国另一方法律和行政惯例相违背的行政措施；
（二）提供按照该缔约国或缔约国另一方法律或正常行政渠道不能得到的情报；
（三）提供泄露任何贸易、经营、工业、商业、专业秘密、贸易过程的情报或者泄露会违反公共政策的情报或文件。
第二十八条
外交代表和领事官员
本协定应不影响按国际法一般规则或特别协定规定的外交代表或领事官员的税收特权。
第二十九条
生效
本协定应自后一方书面通知已履行为本协定生效所必需的本国法律程序之日后的第30日起生效。其规定有效于：
（一）对本协定生效的历年的次年1月1日或以后取得的所得在源泉扣缴的税收；
（二）对本协定生效的历年的次年1月1日或以后开始的任何纳税年度，对所得应征收的其他税收。
第三十条
终止
本协定应在缔约国一方提出终止以前继续有效。缔约国任何一方可以在本协定生效之日起满5年后任何历年6个月以前，通过外交途径书面通知对方终止本协定。在这种情况下，本协定应停止有效于：
（一）终止通知发出年度后次年1月1日或以后取得的所得在源泉扣缴的税收；
（二）终止通知发出年度后历年1月1日或以后开始的任何纳税年度，对所得应征收的其他税收。
下列经授权的代表，已在本协定上签字为证。
本协定于1995年1月17日在北京签订，一式两份，每份都用中文、白俄罗斯文和英文写成，三种文本同等作准。如在解释上遇有分歧，应以英文本为准。
中华人民共和国 白俄罗斯共和国
政府代表 政府代表
项怀诚（签字） 林克（签字）
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议 定 书
在签订中华人民共和国政府和白俄罗斯共和国政府关于对所得和财产避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的协定（以下简称"本协定"）时，双方同意下列规定作为本协定的组成部分：
一、在本协定中，第十九条所述"地方当局"一语，应仅适用于中方。
二、在本协定中，"固定基地"一语是指缔约国一方居民在缔约国另一方为从事其独立个人劳务设有并经常使用的固定场所。
下列经授权的代表，已在本议定书上签字为证。
本议定书于1995年1月17日在北京签订，一式两份，每份都用中文、白俄罗斯文和英文写成，三种文本同等作准。如在解释上遇有分歧，应以英文本为准。
中华人民共和国 白俄罗斯共和国
政府代表 政府代表
项怀诚（签字） 林克（签字）
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AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME AND PROPERTY
The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter referred to as "Contracting States" for the purpose of the Agreement) ;
Desiring to conclude an Agreement for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and property;
Have agreed as follows:
Article 1
Personal Scope
This Agreement shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
Article 2
Taxes Covered
1. The existing taxes to which the Agreement shall apply are:
(a) in the People's Republic of China:
(i) the individual income tax;
(ii) the income tax for enterprises with foreign investment and foreign enterprises;
(iii) the local income tax;
(hereinafter referred to as "Chinese tax" ) ;
(b) in the Republic of Belarus:
(i) the tax on income and profits of legal persons;
(ii) the income tax on individuals; and
(iii) the tax on immovable property
(hereinafter referred to as "Belarus tax" ) .
2. The Agreement shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of the Agreement in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes referred to in paragraph 1. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any substantial changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws.
Article 3
General Definitions
1. For the purposes of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires:
(a) the term "China" means the People's Republic of China; when used in geographical sense, means all the territory of the People's Republic of China, including its territorial sea, in which the Chinese laws relating to taxation apply, and any area beyond its territorial sea, within which the People's Republic of China has sovereign rights of exploration for and exploitation of resources of the seabed and its sub-soil and superjacent water resources in accordance with international law;
(b) the term "Belarus" means the Republic of Belarus and, when used in a geographical sense, means the territory within which the Republic of Belarus exercises under the laws of Belarus and in accordance with international law sovereign rights and jurisdiction;
(c) the terms "a Contracting State" and "the other Contracting State" mean China or Belarus, as the context requires;
(d) the term "tax" means Chinese tax or Belarus tax, as the context requires;
(e) the term "person" includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;
(f) the term "company" means any legal person or any entity which is treated as a legal person for tax purposes;
(g) the terms "enterprise of a Contracting State" and "enterprise of the other Contracting State" mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;
(h) the term "nationals" means any individual possessing the nationality of a Contracting State and any legal person created or organized under the laws of that Contracting State, as well as organizations without juridical personality treated for tax purposes as juridical persons created or organized under the laws of that Contracting State;
(i) the term "international traffic" means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise which is a resident of a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State;
(j) the term "competent authority" means, in the case of China, the State Administration of Taxation or its authorized representative, and in the case of Belarus, the Main State Tax Body at the Cabinet of Ministers or its authorized representative.
2. As regards the application of this Agreement by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning which it has under the laws of that Contracting State concerning the taxes to which the Agreement applies.
Article 4
Resident
1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "resident of a Contracting State" means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of incorporation, place of head office or any other criterion of a similar nature.
2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:
(a) he shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both Contracting States, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests) ;
(b) if the Contracting State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either Contracting State, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State in which he has an habitual abode;
(c) if he has an habitual abode in both Contracting States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State of which he is a national;
(d) if he is a national of neither of the Contracting States, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.
3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.
Article 5
Permanent Establishment
1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "permanent establishment" means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
2. The term "permanent establishment" includes especially:
(a) a place of management;
(b) a branch;
(c) an office;
(d) a factory;
(e) a workshop; and
(f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.
3. The term "permanent establishment" likewise encompasses:
(a) a building site, a construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory activities in connection therewith, but only where such site, project or activities continue for a period of more than 18 months;
(b) the furnishing of services, including consultancy services, by an enterprise of a Contracting State through employees or other engaged personnel in the other Contracting State, provided that such activities continue for the same project or a connected project for a period or periods aggregating more than 18 months.
4. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 to 3, the term "permanent establishment" shall be deemed not to include:
(a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;
(b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery;
(c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;
(d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise;
(e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character;
(f) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a) to (e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person--other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 6 applies--is acting in a Contracting State on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, has and habitually exercises, an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the first-mentioned Contracting State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.
6. An enterprise of a Contracting State shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that other Contracting State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.
7. The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.
Article 6
Income from Immovable Property
1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. The term "immovable property" shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. Ships and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.
3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property.
4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.
Article 7
Business Profits
1. The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that Contracting State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other Contracting State but only so much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment.
2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.
3. In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.
4. Insofar as it has been customary in a Contracting State to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in paragraph 2 shall preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an apportionment as may be customary; the method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles contained in this Article.
5. No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods of merchandise for the enterprise.
6. For the purposes of the paragraphs 1 to 5, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.
7. Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Agreement, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article.
Article 8
Shipping and Air Transport
1. Profits of an enterprise which is a resident of a Contracting State from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency.
Article 9
Associated Enterprises
1. Where
(a) an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or
(b) the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State.
and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.
2. where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that Contracting State-and taxes accordingly-profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other Contracting State, and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned Contracting State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other Contracting State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Agreement and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall, if necessary, consult each other.
Article 10
Dividends
1. Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that Contracting State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the dividends the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends. The provisions of this paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.
3. The term "dividends" as used in this Article means income from shares, or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.
4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other Contracting State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
5. Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other Contracting State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other Contracting State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other Contracting State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other Contracting State.
Article 11
Interest
1. Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that Contracting State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the interest the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the interest.
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, interest arising in a Contracting State and derived by the Government of the other Contracting State, a local authority and the Central Bank thereof or any financial institution wholly owned by that Government, shall be exempt from tax in the first-mentioned State.
4. The term "interest" as used in this Article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures. Penalty charges for late payment shall not be regarded as interest for the purpose of this Article.
5. The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other Contracting State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
6. Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is the Government of that Contracting State, a local authority thereof or a resident of that Contracting State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
7. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.
Article 12
Royalties
1. Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise and according to the laws of that Contracting State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the royalties, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties.
3. The term "royalties" as used in this Article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematograph films and films or tapes for radio or television broadcasting, any patent, know-how, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for the use of, or the right to use, industrial, commercial or scientific equipment, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience.
4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other Contracting State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
5. Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is the Government of that Contracting State, a local authority thereof or a resident of that Contracting State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the liability to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
6. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other perscn, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable under the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.
Article 13
Gains From the Alienation of Property
1. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in Article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. Gains from the alienation of property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or together with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed base, may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
3. Gains derived by an enterprise which is a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic or property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft, shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
4. Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in paragraphs 1 to 3, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.
Article 14
Independent Personal Services
1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that Contracting State except in one of the following circumstances, when such income may also be taxed in the other Contracting State:
(a) if he has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities; in that case, only so much of the income as is attributable to that fixed base may be taxed in that other Contracting State;
(b) if his stay in the other Contracting State is for a period or periods exceeding in the aggregate 183 days within any period of 12 months; in that case, only so much of the income as is derived from his activities performed in that other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. The term "professional services" includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.
Article 15
Dependent Personal Services
1. Subject to the provisions of Articles 16, 18, 19 and 20, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that Contracting State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:
(a) the recipient is present in the other Contracting State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days within any period of 12 months; and
(b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other Contracting State; and
(c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other Contracting State.
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise which is a resident of a Contracting State in international traffic, shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
Article 16
Directors' Fees
Directors'fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
Article 17
Artistes and Athletes
1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 14 and 15, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as an athlete, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or an athlete in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or athlete himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7, 14 and 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or athlete are exercised.
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, income derived by entertainers or athletes who are residents of a Contracting State from the activities exercised in the other Contracting State under a plan of cultural exchange between the Governments of both Contracting States shall be exempt from tax in that other Contracting State.
Article 18
Pensions
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 19, pensions and other similar remunerasion paid to a resident of a Contracting State in consideration of past employment shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
Article 19
Government Service
1.
(a) Remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that Contracting State or a local authority thereof, in the discharge of functions of a governmental nature, shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
(b) However, such remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that other Contracting State and the individual is a resident of that other Contracting State who:
(i) is a national of that other contracting State; or
(ii) did not become a resident of that other Contracting State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.
2.
(a) Any pension paid by, or out of funds to which contributions are made by a Contracting State or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that Contracting State or a local authority thereof, in the discharge of functions of a governmental nature, shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
(b) However, such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that other Contracting State.
3. The provisions of Articles 15, 16, 17 and 18 shall apply to remuneration and pensions in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a local authority thereof.
Article 20
Teachers and Researchers
An individual who is, or immediately before visiting a Contracting State was, a resident of the other Contracting State and is present in the first-mentioned Contracting State for the purpose of teaching, giving lectures or conducting research which is adopted by the Government of the first-mentioned Contracting State at a university, college, school or educational institution or scientific research institution shall be exempt from tax in the first-mentioned Contracting State, for a period of two years from the date of his first arrival in the first-mentioned Contracting State, in respect of remuneration for such teaching, lectures or research.
Article 21
Students and Trainees
1. Where a student or trainee, who is a resident of a Contracting State or who was a resident of that State immediately before visiting the other Contracting State and who is temporarily present in that other State solely for the purpose of his education or training, receives payments from sources outside that other State for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training, those payments shall be exempt from tax in that other State.
2. In respect of grants, scholarships not covered by paragraph 1, a student or trainee described in paragraph 1 shall, in addition, be entitled during his education or training to the same exemptions, reliefs or reductions in respect of taxes available to residents of the State which he is visiting.
Article 22
Other Income
1. Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Agreement shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other Contracting State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
Article 23
Property
1. Property represented by immovable property referred to in Article 6, owned by a resident of a Contracting State and situated in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
2. Property represented by property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, may be taxed in that other Contracting State.
3. Property represented by ships and aircraft owned by an enterprise which is a resident of a Contracting State and operated in international traffic or by property pertaining to the operation of such ships and aircraft shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
4. All other parts of property of a resident of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
Article 24
Methods for the Elimination of Double Taxation
1. In China, double taxation shall be eliminated as follows:
(a) Where a resident of China derives income from Belarus the amount of tax on that income payable in Belarus in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, may be credited against the Chinese tax imposed on that resident. The amount of credit, however, shall not exceed the amount of the Chinese tax on that income computed in accordance with the taxation laws and regulations of China.
(b) Where the income derived from Belarus is a dividend paid by a company which is a resident of Belarus to a company which is a resident of China and which owns not less than 10 per cent of the shares of the company paying the dividend, the credit shall take into account the tax paid to Belarus by the company paying the dividend in respect of its income.
2. In Belarus, double taxation shall be eliminated as follows:
Where a resident of Belarus derives income or owns property which, in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, may be taxed in China, Belarus shall allow:
(a) as a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident, an amount equal to the income tax paid in China;
(b) as a deduction from the tax on the property of that resident, an amount equal to the property tax paid in China.
Such deduction in either case shall not, however, exceed that part of the income tax or property tax, as computed before the deduction is given, which is attributable, as the case may be, to the income or the property which may be taxed in China.
Article 25
Non-Discrimination
1. Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other Contracting State in the same circumstances are or may be subjected. The provisions of this paragraph shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
2. The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other Contracting State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other Contracting State carrying on the same activities. The provisions of this paragraph shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.
3. Except where the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 9, paragraph 7 of Article 11, or paragraph 6 of Article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State. Similarly, any debts of an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable property of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been contracted to a resident of the first-mentioned State.
4. Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.
5. The provisions of this Article shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2, apply to taxes of every kind and description.
Article 26
Mutual Agreement Procedure
1. Where a person considers that actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those Contracting States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of Article 25, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement.
2. The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement. Any agreement reached shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic law of the Contracting States.
3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Agreement. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in the Agreement.
4. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs. When it seems advisable for reaching agreement, representatives of the competent authorities of the Contracting States may meet together for an oral exchange of opinions.
Article 27
Exchange of Information
1. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Agreement or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by the Agreement, insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Agreement, in particular for the prevention of evasion of such taxes. The exchange of information is not restricted by Article 1. Any information received by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) involved in the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes covered by the Agreement. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.
2. In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:
(a) to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;
(b) to supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;
(c) to supply information or documents which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy( ordre public ).
Article 28
Diplomatic Agents and Consular Officers
Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the fiscal privileges of diplomatic agents or consular officers under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.
Article 29
Entry Into Force
This Agreement shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the later notification in writing indicating the completion of internal legal procedures necessary for the entry into force of this Agreement and its provisions shall have effect:
(a) in respect of taxes withheld at source, to income derived on or after 1 January in the calendar year next following that in which the Agreement enters into force;
(b) in respect of other taxes, to taxes chargeable for any taxable year beginning on or after 1 January in the calendar year next following that in which the Agreement enters into force.
Article 30
Termination
This Agreement shall remain in force until terminated by a Contracting State. Either Contracting State may terminate the Agreement, through diplomatic channels, by giving written notice of termination at least six months before the end of any calendar year following after the period of five years from the date on which the Agreement enters into force. In such event, the Agreement shall cease to have effect:
(a) in respect of taxes withheld at source, to income derived on or after 1 January in the calendar year next following that in which the notice is given;
(b) in respect of other taxes, to taxes chargeable for any taxable year beginning on or after 1 January in the calendar year next following that in which the notice is given.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Agreement.
DONE in duplicate at Beijing this 17th day of January l995 in the Chinese, Byelorussian and English languages, all texts being equally authentic. In case of divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.
For the Government For the Government
of the People's of the Republic
Republic of China of Belarus
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PROTOCOL
At the signing of the Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Belarus for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on property (hereinafter referred to as "the Agreement"), both sides have agreed upon the following provisions which shall form an integral part of the Agreement.
1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "local authority" mentioned in Article 19 shall only be applied to Chinese side.
2. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "fixed base" means a fixed place that a resident of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State and regularly available to him for performing his independent personal services in that other Contracting State.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Protocol.
DONE in duplicate at Beijing this 17th day of January 1995 in the Chinese, Byelorussian and English languages, all texts being equally authentic. In case of divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.
For the Government For the Government
of the People's of the Republic
Republic of China of Belarus